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Zaključak

Važno je održavati visok stepen sumnje na ,,krpeljske” bolesti kod svih pacijenata koji se prezentuju
kožnom patologijom (posebno ako se vide pojedinačne lezije i eshare na mjestu uboda),
hepatosplenomegalijom, neurološkim ispadima, glavoboljom i sniženim brojem krvnih elemenata. U
relativno većem riziku su pacijenti koji su hipo- ili asplenični, ali i imunosuprimirani pacijenti. Kako je
lajmska bolest najčešća vektorska bolest na sjevernoj hemisferi, veoma je detaljno ispitana, te nema

opravdanja liječiti je naučno neutemeljenim metodologijama.

Abstract

Ticks are arthropods from the class Arachnida, related to spiders and mites. They can be found in a wide range of terrestrial
ecosystems and are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of all vertebrates except fish. They cannot reproduce at high
altitudes and latitudes, and they are inactive during the winter. Ticks often live in symbiosis with bacteria such as Francisella
spp. and Coxiella spp. They go through four developmental stages, with nymphs and adults being the most significant
in the context of vectors for human pathogens. In Serbia, several species of ticks have been detected, including Ixodes
ricinus, Ixodes hexagonus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Haemaphysalis
punctata, Haemaphysalis concinna, and Hyalomma marginatum. The most medically significant species is the common
tick (I. ricinus), which can transmit Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, relapsing fever, babesiosis, tick-borne encephalitis, and
orbivirus infections. Lyme disease, the most common vector-borne illness in the Northern Hemisphere, affects hundreds
of thousands of people annually. Other significant diseases transmitted by ticks include tularemia, TIBOLA (Tick-borne
Lymphadenopathy), Mediterranean spotted fever and Mediterranean spotted fever-like illnesses, Crimean-Congo
hemorrhagic fever, and Neoehrlichia mikurensis infection. The highest risk of complications is seen in patients who are
hypo- or asplenic, as well as immunosuppressed individuals. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion for
tick-borne diseases in all patients presenting with a rash, hepatosplenomegaly, neurological deficits, headache, and/or a
reduced peripheral blood cell count.

Keywords: ticks, tick-borne diseases, arbovirus infections, Lyme disease, babesiosis

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70 DOI: 10.5937/Galmed2411059K