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doctor, but also the leading cause of work incapacity. The paper gives a brief overview of this problem from the aspects of
epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, with a focus on diagnostic and treatment options. The
importance of the clinical examination is particularly emphasized, with an emphasis on the importance of noticing warning
symptoms ("red flags") that require immediate assessment and treatment. Additional diagnostic modalities, including
radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, electromyoneurography and (EMNG), are useful in
discovering the cause of low back pain and making treatment decisions. The treatment of lumbar syndrome requires a
multispecialty team and a multimodal approach, including non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapy, and in
some, the most severe cases, surgical treatment. A multidisciplinary approach involves the engagement of various medical
specialties and subspecialties, including specialists in physical medicine and rehabilitation, neurology, pain medicine,
neurosurgery, orthopedics, anesthesiology, and others, as needed.

Keywords: low back pain, chronic lumbar pain, neuropathic pain, non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapy

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52 DOI: 10.5937/Galmed2410059V