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fracture assessment risk score (FRAX) enable early diagnosis and treatment in high-risk patients. The complex etiology
and pathophysiology of osteoporosis require secondary causes to be differentiated from primary osteoporosis before the
most optimal treatment is initiated. The treatment should be personalized. Two methods of treatment are antiresorptive
treatment aimed toward the inhibition of bone degradation and anabolic treatment with stimulation of new bone
formation. Ideally, the prevention of fractures should be the treatment of choice, otherwise, prevention of new fractures
and improvement of life is the therapeutic goal. Bisphosphonates are the first line antiresorptive treatment together with
denosumab, a monoclonal human antibody against RANK ligand (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B). Teriparatide,
an N-terminal parathormone fragment, is the dominant anabolic drug. Vitamine D deficiency is a widespread problem and
contributes to bone mass decrement and increased risk for fractures. We are waiting for new treatment options with a
further understanding of bone biology.

Keywords: osteoporosis, osteoporosis management, bone mineral density, fracture risk

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34 DOI: 10.5937/Galmed2306027P